Many popular public swimming beaches in Wisconsin have been closed over the past two summers. due to increased monitoring for bacteria.
The recent closures were triggered in the summer of 2002, when a suspicious outbreak of intestinal problems affected a large number of swimmers who were camped at Peninsula State Park, in Door County. Samples were taken.and high coliform bacteria counts were noted.
Health departments were urged (or shamed) into taking samples at more Wisconsin beaches and found problemsat dozens of sites. This set off a wave of publicity. At the same time, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources announced the launch of a new monitoring program for the 170 public beaches which line Wisconsin's coasts on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, funded by a federal grant. Howerver, as DNR pointed out, the monitoring plan had been under development since 2001 to meet federal requirements for states to improve monitoring and public notification at their coastal beaches.
"Unfortunately, the federal law and the available federal funding don't get at identifying and reducing sources or contamination." said Toni Glymph, the DNR toxicologist leading the Beach Workgroup of state and local health and environmental officials. "We realize those are criticai needs, but this testing and notification plan is a start. People need to be aware of risks and make informed choices."
Because funding was short ,the DNR categorized beaches as high, medium, or low priority, to determine how frequently each beach will be monitoree. High priority beaches, for instance, may be monitored five times a week, compared to once a week for low priority beaches. Coastal communities aren't required to adopt themonitoring and notification guidelines in the plan,but the DNR expected more than $200,000 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assist communities wanting to implement the plan in summer 2003.
Currently, DNR staff are responsible for monitoring beaches at state properties, and tribal and local health departments are responsible for other public beaches within their borders. Because testing is not mandatory and local communities are not required to follow state guidelines for monitoring beaches,Wisconsin suffers from a serious inconsistency in how frequently beaches are sampled, how people are notified or possible unsafe swimming conditions,and in reporting of beach closures.
1.Where was the first swimming site that was closed?
2.By saying "We realize those are critical needs", Toni Glymph means that we need to_________________.
3.Coastal communities that adopt the monitoring and notification plan will be funded by____________________.
3.Who will be monitoring the state-owned beaches?
4.According to the author, the monitoring system at the state level and that at the local level are___________________.
答案：
1.[At Peninsula State Park,in Door County.]
[定位]第2段首句。
解析：原文该段的triggered一词表明2002年Door县半岛州立公园爆发的细菌事件导致最近很多游泳场被关闭，可见最早被关闭的游泳场应为“Door县半岛州立公园”里的游泳场。
2.[identify and reduce sources of contamination]
[定位]根据“We realize those are critical needs"和Toni Glymph定位到第4段。
解析：本题实际上考查those的所指。根据原文可以知道，those指第4段首句的identifying and reducing...，只要根据题目的要求将两个动名词改为不定式，即为本题答案。
3.[the U.S. EPA]
[定位]根据Coastal communities和monitoring and notification定位到第5段末句。
解析：原文该句的数字$200,000及assist一词表明EPA将资助实施监测、告知计划的社区，因此本题答案为the U.S. EPA。
4.[DNR.]
[定位]末段首句。
解析：原文该句中的beaches at state properties与题目中的state-owned beaches同义，由此可见，本题答案为DNR。
5.[inconsistent]
[定位]末段末句。
解析：原文该句表明州政府虽然有统一的准则，但并不强制各社区遵守，从而造成了各社区在处理海滩问题上没有统一的准则，对于这一现象，作者用inconsistency加以概括，而空白处需要形容词作表语，由此可见，作者认为州一级和社区一级对同一个问题“准则不同”，即inconsistent。
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